Apotheosis of the Arts is a copy inspired by the missing painting which is depicted in the print of Jan Muller (d. 1597). The topic reflects the historical situation in the Habsburg Monarchy at that time. The empire was jeopardised by the expanding Ottoman Empire - during the 16th century, the Turks made numerous campaigns into various parts of the Habsburg Monarchy and even posed a threat to Vienna. Bartholomeus Spranger was among the artists who reflected the historical events several times. This composition responds to the contemporary historical situation. The dismal atmosphere is further enhanced by the dark colours with prevailing hues of grey. The putti in the centre holds the coat of arms of the Habsburg Empire. The attacking Turks are visible at the bottom right. One of them directs his bow at the female figure which personifies the Art. Yet Muses cannot be quietened even by military arms. Three female figures, depicted as the Three Graces, are about to leave the earthly sphere and the winged genius of Pheme with a trumpet in his hand takes them to Mount Olympus. Three Graces represent three kinds of art - painting, sculpting, and architecture. On Mount Olympus, the representatives of art are accepted by the ruler of all gods, powerful Jupiter, at the intercession of goddess Minerva and god Mercury. Jupiter’s face bears features of Emperor Rudolf II. There is probably a deeper meaning in the identification of Jupiter with Rudolf II which can be disclosed with the help of historical context. In 1597, the ruler issued a decree that upgraded painting to art - until then it had been regarded as a mere craft. The exceptional status of art is further expressed in the scene at the bottom left: the individual art representatives show their artwork to the highest representatives of then society.
